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Douglas Kirby, Ph.D. - Senior Research Scientist
dougk@etr.org
Dr. Douglas Kirby is nationally known for his work in the field of adolescent sexuality, particularly for his reviews of the research on school and community programs to reduce adolescent sexual risk-taking behaviors. One of these reviews is the widely acclaimed Emerging Answers 2007: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. In that review and others, he has also painted a more comprehensive and detailed picture of the risk and protective factors associated with adolescent sexual behavior, contraceptive use, pregnancy, and STD and has identified important common characteristics of effective sexuality education and HIV education programs throughout the world. He has also been Principal Investigator of many evaluations of initiatives to reduce teen pregnancy. More recently he has completed work on the reasons for the decline of AIDS in Uganda.
ETR Project List
AIDS and Uganda: Reasons for Success
Assessing the Impact of Follow-Up among Teen Reproductive Health Clinic Patients
International Review of Curriculum-Based Sexual and Reproductive Health Programs
Reducing the Risk (RTR) Evaluation
Review of Programs and Other Factors to Reduce Sexual Risk among Teen and Adult Women
Show all projects
Products
BDI Logic Model Course CD
Sex and HIV Education Programs for Youth: Their Impact and Important Characteristics
Sexual Risk and Protective Factors: A Matrix
Sexual Risk and Protective Factors: Executive Summary
Sexual Risk and Protective Factors: Full Paper
Tool to Assess the Characteristics of Effective Sex and STD/HIV Education Programs (TAC)
Publications
2007
Kirby, D.
(2007).
Emerging Answers 2007: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy and Sexuallly Transmitted Diseases.
Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
Kirby, D., Laris, B., & Rolleri, L. (2007). Sex and HIV Education Programs: Their Impact on Sexual Behaviors of Young People Throughout the World.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 206-217.
Kirby, D., Rolleri, L., & Wilson, M.
(2007).
Tool to Assess the Characteristics of Effective Sex and STD/HIV Education Programs.
Washington, DC: Healthy Teen Network.
2006
Coyle, K., Kirby, D., Robin, L., Banspach, S., Baumler, E., & Glassman, J. (2006). All4You! A randomized trial of an HIV, other STD, and pregnancy prevention intervention for alternative school students.
AIDS Education & Prevention, 18(3), 187-203.
Kirby, D.
(2006).
What works best in sex/HIV education?.
San Francisco, CA: University of California Center for AIDS Prevention Studies.
Kirby, D. (2006). Commentary on Green E & Witte K. Can fear arousal in public health campaigns contribute to the decline of HIV prevalence?.
Journal of Health Communication, 11(3), 263-266.
Kirby, D. (2006). Comprehensive sex education: Strong public support and persuasive evidence of impact, but little funding.
Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 160, 1182-1184.
Kirby, D., Laris, B., & Rolleri, L.
(2006).
The Characteristics of Effective Curriculum-Based Sex and HIV Education Programs for Adolsecents.
Scotts Valley, CA: ETR Associates.
Kirby, D., Laris, B., & Rolleri, L.
(2006).
Sex and HIV Education Programs for Youth: Their Impact and Important Characteristics.
Washington, DC: Family Health International.
Kirby, D., Laris, B., & Rolleri, L.
(2006).
The Impact of Sex and HIV Education Programs on Youth in Developing Countries.
Research Triangle Park, NC: Family Health International.
Kirby, D., Obasi, A., & Laris, B. (2006). The effectiveness of sex education and HIV education interventions in schools in developing countries. In D. Ross, B. Dick, & J. Ferguson (Eds.), Preventing HIV/AIDS in Young People: A Systematic Review of the Evidence from Developing Countries.
Geneva:
World Health Organization.
Marin, B., Kirby, D., Hudes, E., Coyle, K., & Gomez, C. (2006). Boyfriends, girlfriends, and teenagers' risk of sexual involvement.
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 38(2), 76-83.
2005
Kirby, D.
(2005).
We've come a long way in 25 years - We keep doing the Impossible!.
Washington, DC: Healthy Teen Network.
Kirby, D. (2005). Commentary on DiClemente RJ, Wingood GM, Harrington KF, et al. An HIV-prevention intervention for African-American adolescent girls significantly increased condom use.
Evidence-based Obstetrics and Gyncelogy, 7, 75.
Kirby, D., Laris, B., & Rolleri, L.
(2005).
Impact of Sex & HIV Curriculum-based Education Programs on Sexual Behavior of Youth in Developing Co.
Washington, DC: Family Health International.
2004
Coyle, K., Kirby, D., Marin, B., Gomez, C., & Gregorich, S. (2004). Draw the Line/Respect the Line: A randomized trial of a middle school intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors.
American Journal of Public Health, 94(5), 843-851.
Halperin, D., Steiner, M., Cassell, M., Green, E., Hearst, N., Kirby, D., et al. (2004). The Time Has Come for Common Ground on the Sexual Transmission of HIV.
Lancet, 17(3), 7-8.
Kirby, D. (2004). Effective teen pregnancy prevention programs. In Wilcox (Ed.), Reality Check: Teen Pregnancy Prevention Strategies that Work.
Xlibris.
Kirby, D. (2004). Reality Check: Teen Pregnancy Prevention Strategies that Work. In Wilcox (Ed.), Effective Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs.
Xlibris.
Kirby, D., Baumler, E., Coyle, K., Basen-Enquist, K., Parcel, G., Harrist, R., et al. (2004, December). The "Safer Choices" intervention: Its impact on the sexual behaviors of different subgroups of high school students.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(6), 442-452.
2003
Gomez, C., Coyle, K., Gregorich, S., Marin, B., & Kirby, D. (2003). The Development of Sex-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and Behaviors in a Longitudinal Cohort of Middle School Children. In 14 and Younger: The Sexual Behavior of Young Adolescents.
Washington, DC:
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
Kirby, D., & Miller, B. (2003). Pregnancy, Adolescence. In T. Gullotta, & M. Bloom (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion.
New York:
Springer.
Kirby, D., Lezin, N., Afriye, R., & Gallucci, G.
(2003).
Preventing Teen Pregnancy: Youth Development and After-School programs.
Scotts Valley, CA: ETR Associates.
Marin, B., Kirby, D., Hudes, E., Gomez, C., & Coyle, K. (2003). Youth with older boyfriends and girlfriends: Associations with sexual risk. In B. Albert, S. Brown, & C. Flanigan (Eds.), 14 and Younger: The Sexual Behavior of Young Adolescents.
Washington, DC:
National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
2002
Coyle, K., Marin, B., Gardner, C., Cummings, J., Gomez, C., & Kirby, D.
(2002).
Draw the Line/Respect the Line: Setting limits to prevent HIV, STD and pregnancy.
Scotts Valley, CA: ETR Associates.
Kirby, D.
(2002).
Do Abstinence-Only Programs Delay the Initiation of Sex Among Young People and Reduce Teen Pregnancy?.
Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
Kirby, D. (2002). Antecedents of Adolescent Initiation of Sex, Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy.
American Journal of Health Behavior, 26(6), 473-485.
Kirby, D. (2002). Effective Approaches to Reducing Adolescent Unprotected Sex, Pregnancy, and Childbearing.
The Journal of Sex Research, 39(1), 51-57.
Kirby, D. (2002). The Impact of Interventions Designed to Promote Parent-child Communication about Sexuality. In Innovative Approaches to Increase Parent-Child Communication.
New York:
Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS).
Kirby, D. (2002). The impact of schools and school programs upon adolescent sexual behavior.
The Journal of Sex Research, 39(1), 23-33.
Kirby, D. (2002). Teen Pregnancy. In J. Guthrie (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Education, Second Edition.
New York, NY:
MacMillan Reference USA.
Kirby, D., & Miller, B. (2002). Interventions Designed to Promote Parent-Teen Communication about Sexuality. In S. Feldman, & D. Rosenthal (Eds.), Talking Sexuality: Parent-Adolescent Communication.
San Francisco, CA:
Jossey-Bass.
2001
Basen-Enquist, K., Coyle, K., Parcel, G., Kirby, D., Banspach, S., & Baumler, E. (2001). Schoolwide effects of a multicomponent HIV, STD and pregnancy prevention program for high school students.
Health Education and Behavior, 28(2), 166-185.
Coyle, K., Basen-Enquist, K., Kirby, D., Parcel, G., Banspach, S., Collins, J., et al. (2001). Safer Choices: Reducing Teen Pregnancy, HIV and STDs.
Public Health Reports, Supp. 1(116), 82-93.
Denner, J., Kirby, D., & Coyle, K. (2001). How communities can promote positive youth development: Response from 49 professionals.
Community Youth Development, 1(3), 31-35.
Denner, J., Kirby, D., Coyle, K., & Brindis, C.
(2001).
.
Denner, J., Kirby, D., Coyle, K., & Brindis, C. (2001). The protective role of social capital and cultural norms in Latino communities: A study of adolescent births.
The Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 23(1), 3-21.
Kirby, D.
(2001).
BDI Logic models: A useful tool for designing, strengthening and evaluating programs to reduce teen pregnancy.
Scotts Valley, CA: ETR Associates.
Kirby, D. (2001). Understanding what works and what doesn't in reducing adolescent sexual risk-taking.
Family Planning Perspectives, 33(6), 276-281.
Kirby, D., Coyle, K., & Gould, J. (2001). Manifestations of poverty and birthrates among young teenagers in California Zip code areas.
Family Planning Perspectives, 33(2), 63-69.
2000
Coyle, K., Kirby, D., Marin, B., Gomez, C., & Gregorich, S.
(2000).
Effect of Draw the Line/Respect the Line on sexual behavior in middle schools.
Unpublished briefing paper..
Kirby, D. (2000). Making condoms available in schools: the evidence is not conclusive.
Western Journal of Medicine, 172(3), 149-151.
Kirby, D. (2000). What does the research say about sexuality education?.
Educational Leadership, 58(2), 72-76.
Kirby, D. (2000). School-based Interventions to Prevent Unprotected Sex and HIV among Adolescents. In J. Peterson, & R. DiClemente (Eds.), Handbook of HIV Prevention.
New York, NY:
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Kirby, D., Denner, J., & Coyle, K.
(2000).
Building the ideal community or youth program: An expert panel rates the key characteristics for reducing teen pregnancy.
Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
Marin, B., Coyle, K., Gomez, C., & Kirby, D. (2000). Older boyfriends and girlfriends increase risk of sexual initiation in young adolescents.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(6), 409-418.
1999
Basen-Enquist, K., Masse, L., Coyle, K., Kirby, D., Parcel, G., Banspach, S., et al. (1999). Validity of scales measuring the psychosocial determinants of HIV/STD related risk behavior in adolescents.
Health Education Research, 14(1), 25-38.
Carvajal, S., Parcel, G., Basen-Enquist, K., Banspach, S., Coyle, K., Kirby, D., et al. (1999). Psychosocial predictors of delay of first sexual intercourse of adolescents.
Health Psychology, 18(5), 1-10.
Coyle, K., Basen-Enquist, K., Kirby, D., Parcel, G., Banspach, S., Harrist, R., et al. (1999). Short-term impact of Safer Choices: A multi-component school-based HIV/STD and pregnancy prevention program.
Journal of School Health, 69(5), 181-188.
Kirby, D.
(1999).
Preventing Teen Pregnancy HIV, and other STDs among African-American and Hispanic youth.
ASPE.
Kirby, D.
(1999).
Looking for reasons why: The antecedents of adolescent sexual risk-taking, pregnancy and childbearing.
Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
Kirby, D. (1999). Reducing adolescent pregnancy: Approaches that work.
Contemporary Pediatrics, 16(1), 83-94.
Kirby, D. (1999). Reflections on two decades of research on teen sexual behavior and pregnancy.
Journal of School Health, 69(3), 89-94.
Kirby, D. (1999). Sexuality and sex education at home and school.
Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 10(2), 195-209.
Kirby, D. (1999). The impact of abstinence-only programs.
Pregnancy Prevention for Youth: An Interdisciplinary Newsletter.
Kirby, D. (1999). Characteristics of Effective Sex and HIV Education Programs to Reduce Adolescent Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior. In S. Bhatt, & N. Dhoundiyal (Eds.), HIV Risks in Adolescents and Young Adults.
Almora, India:
Kumaun University.
Kirby, D., Brener, N., Brown, N., Peterfreund, N., Hillard, P., & Harrist, R. (1999). The impact of condom distribution in Seattle schools on sexual behavior and condom use.
American Journal of Public Health, 89(2), 182-187.
Santelli, J., DiClemente, R., Miller, K., & Kirby, D. (1999). Sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancy, and adolescent health promotion.
Adolescent State of the Art Reviews, 10(1), 87-180.
Santelli, J., DiClemente, R., Miller, K., & Kirby, D. (1999). Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Unintended Pregnancy, and Adolescent Health Promotion. In M. Fisher, L. Juszcazk, & L. Klerman (Eds.), Prevention Issues in Adolescent Health Care. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews.
Philadelphia, PA:
Hanley & Belfus.
1998
Basen-Enquist, K., Masse, L., Coyle, K., Kirby, D., Banspach, S., Nodora, J., et al. (1998). Sexual risk behavior, belief, and self-efficacy scales. In M. Quackenbush, W. Yarber, R. Bauserman, G. Scheer, & S. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures.
Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage Publications.
Basen-Enquist, K., Parcel, G., Kirby, D., Coyle, K., Banspach, S., & Rugg, D. (1998). The Safer Choices Project: Methodological issues in school-based health promotion intervention research.
Journal of School Health, 67(9), 365-371.
1997
Basen-Enquist, K., Parcel, G., Harrist, R., Kirby, D., Coyle, K., & Banspach, S. (1997). The Safer Choices Project: Methodological Issues in School-Based Health Promotion Intervention Research: The Safer Choices Project.
Journal of School Health, 67(9), 365-371.
Basen-Enquist, K., Parcel, G., Harrist, R., Kirby, D., Coyle, K., Banspach, S., et al. (1997). Methodological issues in school-based health promotion intervention research: The Safer Choices Project.
Journal of School Health, 67(9), 365-371.
Kirby, D.
(1997).
No Easy Answers: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy.
Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
Kirby, D. (1997). HIV prevention among adolescents. In P. Cohen, & e. al. (Eds.), The AIDS Knowledge Base. (Third Edition).
Kirby, D., & Coyle, K. (1997). School-based programs to reduce sexual risk-taking behavior.
Children and Youth Services Review, 19(5/6), 415-436.
Kirby, D., & Coyle, K. (1997). Youth Development Programs.
Children and Youth Services Review, 19(5/6), 437-454.
Kirby, D., Adivi, C., & Weissman, J. (1997). An impact evaluation of SNAPP, a pregnancy-and AIDS-prevention middle school curriculum.
AIDS Prevention and Education 9, Supplement(A), 44-67.
Kirby, D., Barth, R., & Cagampang, H. (1997). The impact of the Postponing Sexual Involvement curriculum among youths in California.
Family Planning Perspectives, 29(3), 100-108.
1996
Coyle, K., Kirby, D., Parcel, G., Basen-Enquist, K., Banspach, S., Rugg, D., et al. (1996). A multi-component school-based HIV/STD and pregnancy prevention program for adolescents.
Journal of School Health, 66(3), 89-94.
Coyle, K., Kirby, D., Parcel, G., Basen-Enquist, K., Banspach, S., Rugg, D., et al. (1996). Safer Choices: A multi-component school-based HIV/STD and pregnancy prevention program for adolescents.
Journal of School Health, 66(3), 89-94.
Kirby, D., & Brown, N. (1996). School Condom Availability Programs in the United States.
Family Planning Perspectives, 28(5), 196-202.
1995
Kirby, D., Barth, R., & Cagampang, H.
(1995).
Evaluation of Education Now and Babies Later (ENABL).
(Final Report).
Berkeley: Univ. of California, School of Social Welfare.
1994
Kirby, D., & Coyle, K. (1994). Changing Risk-taking behavior: Preliminary Conclusion from Research. In K. Clark (Ed.), The Sexuality Education Challenge.
Scotts Valley, CA:
ETR Associates.
Kirby, D., & DiClemente, R. (1994). School-based Behavioral Interventions to Prevent Unprotected Sex and HIV among Adolescents. In R. DiClemente, & J. Person (Eds.), Preventing AIDS: Theories and Methods of Behavioral Interventions.
New York:
Plenum Press.
Kirby, D., Short, L., Collins, J., Rugg, D., Kolbe, L., Howard, M., et al. (1994). School-based Programs to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Review of Effectiveness.
Public Health Reports, 109(3), 339-360.
1993
Kirby, D., Resnick, M., Downes, B., Kocher, T., Gunderson, P., Potthoff, S., et al. (1993). The Effects of School-Based Health Clinics in St. Paul on School-Wide Birthrates.
Family Planning Perspectives, 25(1), 12-16.
1992
Kirby, D. (1992). School-based Prevention Programs: Design, Evaluation and Effectiveness. In R. DiClemente (Ed.), Adolescents and AIDS: A Generation In Jeopardy.
Newbury Park, CA:
Sage Publications.
Santelli, J., & Kirby, D. (1992, September). Adolescent Sexuality: Pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Prevention.
Journal of School Health-Special Issue.
1991
Kirby, D. (1991). School-Based Clinics: Research Results and Their Implications for Future Research Methods.
Evaluation and Program Planning, 14, 35-47.
Kirby, D., Barth, R., Leland, N., & Fetro, J. (1991). Reducing the Risk: Impact of A New Curriculum on Sexual Risk-taking.
Family Planning Perspectives Nov/Dec, 23(6), 253-263.
Kirby, D., Waszak, C., & Ziegler, J. (1991). An Assessment of Six School-Based Clinics: Their Reproductive Health Services and Impact upon Sexual Behaviors.
Family Planning Perspectives Jan/Feb, 23(1), 6-16.
1990
Kirby, D. (1990). Comprehensive School Health and the Larger Community: Issues and a Possible Scenario.
Journal of School Health/April, 60(4), 170-177.
Kirby, D., & Rolleri, L.
().
.
Healthy Teen Network.
(Original work published 2007).
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